ME 420, Fall 2022
Compressible Flow

Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Department of Mechanical Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University
Latest revision, 23 September 2022

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Week
Dates
Lecture material
Homework
Exams
Week 1
08/22-08/26
Introduction and review: Review of fluid flow and thermodynamics; Ideal gas, speed of sound, Mach number

Lecture 01 notes
Lecture 02 notes
Lecture 03 notes

YouTube video: Supersonic commercial flight! (about 10 minutes)
NASA units error destroys space probe
HW Info & Format
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Week 2
08/29-09/02
One-D, adiabatic, isentropic duct flow of an ideal gas: Isentropic relations; Critical properties, converging ducts

Lecture 04 notes
Lecture 05 notes
Lecture 06 notes
HW 1
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Week 3
09/05-09/09
One-D, adiabatic, isentropic duct flow of an ideal gas (continued): Converging ducts (nozzles), choking

NO CLASS MONDAY (LABOR DAY)
Lecture 07 notes
Lecture 08 notes

YouTube: F-18 airshow sonic boom (start at 1:15)
YouTube: Lots of sonic booms!
HW 2
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Week 4
09/12-09/16
One-D, adiabatic, isentropic duct flow of an ideal gas (continued): Qualitative analysis of flow in converging-diverging ducts and nozzles, flow downstream of a C-D nozzle, rocket nozzle design

Lecture 09 notes
Lecture 10 notes
Lecture 11 notes

YouTube video - Overexpanded supersonic jet with shock diamonds (jet comes out of a soda bottle!)
Short Popular Mechanics video - F-15 shock diamonds - very cool in slo-mo
YouTube video - Underexpanded supersonic jet, M = 1.55 (DNS simulation, B&W)
YouTube video - Underexpanded supersonic jet, M = 1.55 (DNS simulation, Color)
YouTube video - Apollo 8 launch - countdown at 0:20, liftoff at about 0:30, vapor cone at about 1:25, flare out at about 1:40
YouTube video - Apollo 8 launch - liftoff at 0:25, awesome flare out at about 2:00
YouTube video - Awesome Space Shuttle launch video! (launch starta at 1:20, vapor cone at 2:15, nice flare out at 2:45, solid rockets ejected at 3:00)
YouTube video - Virgin Galactic flight - after release at 0:30, shock diamonds and a little flare out, then advertising...
HW 3
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Week 5
09/19-09/23
Quantitative analysis of C-D nozzles with normal shocks; Normal shocks: Property changes across normal shocks, normal shocks in converging-diverging ducts

Lecture 12 notes
Lecture 13 notes
Lecture 14 notes

National Committee for Fluid Mechanics Films - watch Channel Flow of a Compressible Fluid, using the TechTV option
HW 4
hw_04_Problem_03_Post.xlsx
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Week 6
09/26-09/30
Quantitative analysis of normal shocks: Fanno curve, Rayleigh curve, how to calculate the Mach number downstream of a shock

Lecture 15 notes
Lecture 16 notes
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Exam 1
Week 7
10/03-10/07
Normal shocks (continued): Hugoniot curve, qualitative examples of normal shocks (C-D nozzles, shock tubes, bow shocks, explosions/blast waves, Pitot probes)

Lecture 17 notes
Lecture 18 notes
Lecture 19 notes

Video: 45 caliber bullet (PSUGDL)
Video: Smith and Wesson 500 revolver (PSUGDL)
Video: AK-47 assault_rifle (PSUGDL)
Video: Firecracker exploding (PSUGDL)
Video: 1-gram explosive (PSUGDL)
Video: Shock tube outlet flow (PSUGDL)
YouTube video: blast wave topples cars
YouTube video: Nuclear explosions and shock waves (11 minutes long)
YouTube video: Bart Simpson makes a blast wave
HW 5
hw_05_Problem_02_Post.xlsx
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Week 8
10/10-10/14
Normal shocks (continued): Moving normal shocks

Lecture 20 notes
Lecture 21 notes
Lecture 22 notes
HW 6
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Week 9
10/17-10/21
Piston-driven flow in pipes; shock tubes (qualitative and quantitative)

Lecture 23 notes
Lecture 24 notes
Lecture 25 notes
HW 7
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Week 10
10/24-10/28
One-D duct flow with heat transfer: Rayleigh flow, T-s diagrams, choked Rayleigh flow, equations for Rayleigh flow

Lecture 26 notes
Lecture 27 notes
Lecture 28 notes

Video: Shock tube outlet flow (PSUGDL)
Video - cool shock tube animation with reflected shock
HW 8
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Week 11
10/31-11/04
Rayleigh flow (continued): example problem and applications; One-D duct flow with friction: Fanno flow, T-s diagrams for Fanno flow, choked Fanno flow

Lecture 29 notes
Lecture 30 notes

EES_example_Rayleigh_temperature_ratio.txt
EES_example_Rayleigh_temperature_ratio.EES
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Exam 2
Week 12
11/07-11/11
Fanno flow (continued): equations for Fanno flow, examples and applications

Lecture 31 notes
Lecture 32 notes
Lecture 33 notes

Comparison_One_D_flows.pdf
HW 9
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Week 13
11/14-11/18
Two-D flow: Oblique shocks and expansion waves: oblique shock equations and derivations, examples and applications

Lecture 34 notes
Lecture 35 notes
Lecture 36 notes

YouTube video: Schlieren video of jet injected into supersonic wind tunnel
NASA's quiet X-59 supersonic plane
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Fall Break
11/21-11/25
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Be Thankful
Week 14
12/28-12/02
Two-D flow: Oblique shocks and expansion waves (continued): compression waves, reflecting oblique shocks; P-M expansion fans: equations and procedure; examples and applications

Lecture 37 notes
Lecture 38 notes
Lecture 39 notes

NASA photo of merging oblique shocks
PDF file of NASA's merging oblique shock article
HW 10
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Week 15
12/05-12/09
Tying it all together: Applications of compressible flow to high-speed aircraft (special guest lecturer Glen Coates); Review for final exam on Friday

Lecture 40 notes
Lecture 41 notes
Lecture 42 notes

URLs_for_Glen_Coates_Afterburner_Presentation.pptx (links to some cool videos)
Coates_Glen_Epilogue_Afterburner_Presentation.pdf (useful career advice from Glen)
HW 11
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Finals Week
12/12-12/16
The final exam is scheduled for:
DATE, TIME, AND LOCATION TO BE ANNOUNCED
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